超滤处理含聚污水过程中通量衰减机理的研究

研究了超滤处理含聚合物污水过程中操作压力、膜面流速、聚合物浓度、料液流变性、阻力等影响因素对膜通量的影响,并进行理论分析,揭示了通量衰减机理.研究结果表明,通量衰减的机理是聚合物的浓差极化和凝胶层的形成,其次是原油和无机物对膜孔的堵塞.     

Eco-environmental susceptibility in Shangyi County,Northern Hebei Province,China

In this paper,the eco-environmental susceptibility of Shangyi County,Northern Hebei Province of China has been calculated by using the weighted-addition method based on expert's giving a mark to each influencing factor according to their knowledge on the influence of all the factors on eco-environmental susceptibility.The eco-environmental classification and distribution map were reached based on the above results,its difference is mainly result from the physical conditions and human activity,however the value of eco-environmental susceptibility is only a relative index which can not completely reflect the quality of eco-environment.This work provided a basis for controlling the further development of desertification.     

Method of pollution sources assessment in relation to residential site selection

Much investigation supports a high incidence of disease and death rates when people live in ambient polluted air for a long time. Thus, the location of residential sites is important from a public health viewpoint. The method outlined in this paper is useful for determining the location of residential sites based on pollution sources assessment.     

我国不同类型地下工程中的氡水平

为了解我国地下工程内氡的浓度水平及其可能对人体产生的危害,采用核固体径迹法,在不同季节对全国23个城市的234个地下工程测点的氡浓度进行了测量。根据工程的建筑类型及用途的不同,将所有被测工程分为坑道、干道(包括掘进式地道工程)、地下室(高层建筑地下室和掘开式工程)和停车场四类,各类工程的氡浓度平均值分别为327、619、96.9、59.1 Bq.m-3。对于不同山体岩性的坑道,氡浓度值由高到低的顺序是花岗岩>凝灰岩>石英砂岩>石灰岩>安山玢岩。比较各类工程不同季节的氡浓度,得出,停车场氡浓度季节变化不大,其它三类工程都有氡浓度夏季明显高于冬季的特点,而且通风差的未使用的坑道和干道比使用中的同类工程具有相对高的氡浓度夏/冬比值。     

UASB系统中pH值与污泥浓度控制的探讨

介绍了啤酒生产废水处理工艺UASB系统,分析了pH值、污泥量对UASB系统的影响,并提出了保证出水水质达标的措施.     

Ni2+对2-氯酚厌氧降解系统的影响

针对重金属对难降解有毒有机物厌氧降解的影响问题,采用间歇试验法研究Ni2 对2-氯酚(2-CP)厌氧降解系统的影响规律.结果表明,当ρ(Ni2 )＜5 mg/L时,Ni2 对2-CP厌氧降解表现出轻度促进,当ρ(Ni2 )为5～500 mg/L,Ni2 以抑制作用为主,抑制作用随ρ(Ni2 )的增加而增强.Ni2 对原基质及关键中间产物苯酚和苯甲酸的抑制程度表现为:苯酚＞苯甲酸＞2-CP;ρ(Ni2 )低时的驯化能有效提高厌氧污泥对Ni2 毒性的耐受性能,300 mg/L Ni2 对2-CP降解的抑制从驯化前的65%降至驯化后的21%.Ni2 对2-CP厌氧降解的抑制作用与污泥中Ni的截留量之间存在正相关关系.抑制浓度CIP值和方程αC=[1-(I/I*)m]/[1 (I/I*)n)]能较好地表征厌氧生物处理过程受抑制程度.     

膜生物反应器膜污染的水力学控制实验研究

叙述了膜污染是影响膜-生物反应器处理技术推广应用的关键因素，采用水动力学方法是控制膜污染的有效方法。在不同污泥浓度条件下。对不同曝气强度下膜污染的发展速率及其形成机理进行了试验研究，研究结果表明：对应于不同污泥浓度均存在一个经济曝气强度，其大小随污泥浓度升高呈线性增加，膜生物反应器在经济曝气强度条件下运行可控制膜污染的发展；并从理论上推导出一个临界污泥浓度，其值为5．15g／L。对应于临界污泥浓度，并且污泥絮体在膜面可形成比较稳定的动态膜，膜过滤压差上升的速率最慢，膜生物反应器在此临界污泥浓度条件下运行膜污染发展最为缓慢。     

乌鲁木齐市大气中二氧化硫的灰色预测

根据灰色系统理论,联系乌鲁木齐市大气环境的实际状况,建立了精度检验为一级的灰色预测模型,经模型检验其精度完全满足要求。对乌鲁木齐大气中的SO2值进行预测分析的结果表明,乌鲁木齐市大气中SO2值呈上升的趋势,在未来几年中,乌鲁木齐市大气中SO2的预测值超过国家三级标准值(即大气中SO2的质量浓度年均值≤0.10mg/m3),这种发展趋势应引起有关部门的关注。     

Photocatalytic remediation of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane contaminated soils using TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalyst

TiO2 and montmorillonite composite photocatalysts were prepared and applied in degrading γ-hexachlorocyclohexane(γ-HCH)in soils.After being spiked with γ-HCH,soil samples loaded with the composite photocatalysts were exposed to UV-light irradiation.The results indicated that the photocatalytic activities of the composite photocatalysts varied with the content of TiO2 in the order of 10%＜70%＜50%＜30%.Moreover,the photocatalytic activity of the composite photocatalysts with TiO2 content 30% was higher than that of the pure P25 with the same mass of TiO2.The strong adsorption capacity of the composite photocatalysts and quantum size effect may contribute to its increased photocatalytic activities.In addition,effect of dosage of composite photocatalysts and soil pH on γ-HCH photodegradation was investigated. Pentachlorocyclohexene,trichlorocyclohexene,and dichlorobenzene were detected as photodegradation intermediates,which were gradually degraded with tlle phOtOdegradation evolution.     

UV/TiO_2/H_2O_2法对高浓度有机废水降解的应用研究

用UV TiO2 H2 O2 法对高浓度有机废水降解的实验表明 ,当TiO2 、H2 O2 的投加量分别为 2 0g与 1% ,反应时间为3h时 ,CODCr、Oil、Ar OH、NH3 N、S2 - 的平均去除率分别达到 73 %、83 %、86%、5 0 %、10 0 %。此处理工艺具有除臭、除色、快速高效、不产生污泥等优势。实验过程探索了TiO2 、H2 O2 的用量对各污染物降解率的影响 ,并设计了有实用意义的反应器